The brain is so complex! I have been seeing a lot of information floating around about Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)- so let’s talk about them. Both of these neurodevelopmental conditions can affect how someone processes information, however they do so in different ways. Understanding the nuances of each can be helpful for effective diagnosis and treatment.
What is Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)?
Auditory Processing Disorder, sometimes referred to as Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), is a condition where the brain struggles to process sounds correctly. While individuals with APD typically have normal hearing, they find it challenging to interpret what they hear, especially in environments with background noise. This can lead to difficulty understanding spoken words, following verbal instructions, and distinguishing between words that sound alike.
What Are the Common Signs of APD?
- Difficulty following conversations in noisy environments.
- Frequently asking people to repeat themselves.
- Misinterpreting spoken information, especially complex instructions.
- Challenges with reading and phonics, due to trouble distinguishing similar sounds.
APD is particularly frustrating because the issue is not with the ears hearing, it is with how the brain processes what is heard. This can lead to misunderstandings and frustration. A lot of people will experience difficulties at school, work, or other places that require a lot of verbal instruction.
What is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a well-known neurodevelopmental disorder. It is usually characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Unlike APD, ADHD affects a broader range of functions like focus, emotional regulation, behavioral control, organization, follow-through, and managing impulses.
What are the Common Signs of ADHD:
- Inattention: Difficulty focusing, frequent careless mistakes, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted.
- Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, an inability to stay seated, talking excessively, and difficulty playing quietly.
- Impulsivity: Interrupting others, difficulty waiting for turns, and making hasty decisions without considering the consequences.
ADHD can significantly impact daily life and affect school, work, and relationships. Although it is usually a condition that is discovered in childhood, it is not uncommon to be diagnosed as an adult and 80% of children do NOT “outgrow” ADHD.
Can Someone Have Both Auditory Processing Disorder and ADHD?
YES! It’s relatively common for individuals to have both APD and ADHD. Research suggests that there is a notable overlap between the two conditions, with a significant percentage of people diagnosed with ADHD also experiencing difficulties related to auditory processing.
Studies have shown that anywhere from 25% to 50% of individuals with ADHD may also have co-occurring APD. This high overlap is likely because both conditions can affect attention and processing abilities, though they do so in different ways. Conversely, individuals with APD often exhibit symptoms that can mimic or overlap with ADHD, particularly in terms of attention and focus. This can sometimes lead to challenges in accurate diagnosis and the need for comprehensive evaluation to distinguish between the two or to identify the presence of both conditions.
What are the Key Differences between Auditory Processing Disorder and ADHD:
- Source of the Problem: APD is specifically an issue with processing auditory information, while ADHD affects broader cognitive functions like attention regulation, impulse control, and hyperactivity.
- Diagnosis: APD is diagnosed through specialized auditory tests conducted by an audiologist, whereas ADHD is typically diagnosed through behavioral assessments by a mental health professional.
- Treatment Approaches: Treatment for APD often involves auditory training, environmental adjustments (like reducing background noise), and sometimes speech therapy. ADHD treatment usually includes behavioral therapy, medication (such as stimulants or non-stimulants), and organizational support.
Why the Distinction Matters:
Accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment. A child struggling with APD might benefit from specific auditory processing interventions, while a child with ADHD might need a different approach, focusing on attention and behavior management. Misdiagnosis or overlooking the presence of both conditions can lead to ineffective treatment plans and ongoing difficulties.
Living with APD and ADHD
For those living with APD, environmental adjustments can make a big difference—like ensuring a quiet workspace, using visual aids, or breaking down instructions into smaller, more manageable steps. For ADHD, strategies might include structured routines, clear and concise instructions, and, where appropriate, medication to help manage symptoms. It may be beneficial to ask for 504 accommodations or work accommodations if APD or ADHD affects schooling or work. Some people with ADHD use medications to help.
What To Do If You Think You or Your Child Has APD or ADHD
The best first step is to make a list or document your symptoms or concerns so when you find a good provider to work with you remember all that you want to bring up with them.
You might choose to get an evaluation from a psychologist or a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse practitioner, however APD can be assessed by an audiologist as well. If you want your child evaluated, you can reach out to their school district and request an evaluation. With the right diagnosis and treatment plan, individuals with APD and ADHD can absolutely thrive at school and work.
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